Consensus and Con‡ict in Western Thought on Representative Government¤
نویسنده
چکیده
Representative government in the West was born under an ideology that postulated a basic harmony of interests in society. The political decision process was thus expected to be largely consensual. This ideology obfuscated important con‡icts of values and interests, and it became untenable with the rise of class-based and religious parties. Beginning with Kelsen (1923) and culminating with Schumpeter (1942), theorists of representative government conceptualized it as a system for processing con‡icts. In one view, representation is assured by compromises among parties, in another by partisan alternation in o¢ce. ¤Revised paper prepared for the 2006 Beijing Forum. I appreciate comments by John Ferejohn, Raquel Fernandez, Russell Hardin, Stephan Holmes, Bernard Manin, and Pasquale Pasquino.
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